The Self Service Machine Term Paper - 2475 Words

The Self Service Machine (Term Paper Sample) Content: The Self Service MachineName:Institution:INTRODUCTIONSelf service machines are automated machines that provide a mechanism for individuals, basically customers to make their own purchases without the help of a salesperson or a retailer hence, they generally reduce on the costs of labor to organizations. Self service machines also enhance and improve on efficiency since they are quite faster and through this they help in reducing human traffic. Others such as the security check systems help in enhancing security.Our self service machines will generally comprise a wide range and variety of electronic machines ranging from automated teller machines, automatic vending machines, self service machines in supermarkets and in learning institutions, security check systems and electronic voting machines .In this regard, the electronic voting machines are in high demand in Saudi Arabia as the government has advocated for their use in ensuring fair and just.For example, our autom atic vending machines will be used to sell fast moving goods such as newspapers, ice-cream and candy and also serve drinks such as coffee in restaurants and hang out joints while the library self service machines will enhance faster borrowing ,renewal and return of library books and resources in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s learning institutions. Our self service machines are basically tailored and designed to meet the needs of the people of Saudi Arabia by helping in improving efficiency in service delivery in the country since the machines have an advantage of added speed. This will help easing customer traffic and congestion reducing time spent in long tiring queues. We have made quite a good consideration that the country is a very populous country which is usually characterized by high influx of customers, especially in peak seasons making our products very ideal for the Saudi Arabian markets.Our marketing plan aims to create awareness of our self service machines in Saudi Arabia by advocating the benefits that the machines bring to organizations as well as to individuals. The plan covers on our organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s mission and objectives, segment description, customer driving marketing strategy, pricing strategy, promotional strategy and the marketing action plan. By introducing our products into the Arabian markets, we shall be sure to meet the various needs of the people of Saudi Arabia and bring in goods of value that shall surpass our customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ expectations.MISSION AND VISIONThe mission and vision of our organization introducing our products into Saudi Arabia is to increase efficiency and ease customer traffic by saving up on time spent in long queues. This will be of great assistance especially during peak seasons such as the Eid-Ul-Fitrl festivities and public holidays. We strive and aim to supersede, surpass and exceed the average expectations of our customers with our high tech and quality products and eventually be the premium leading organization selling self service machines in Saudi Arabia and to also eventually conquer international markets.MARKETING OBJECTIVESThe organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s marketing objectives include; developing and creating awareness concerning our brands to almost all parts of Saudi Arabia with an aim of targeting and capturing a steady and significant number of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s citizens. Increasing our sales up to 50% in the first years of penetrating into the Saudi Arabian markets and realizing rational and realistic profit margins from our sales is also part of our marketing objectives.SEGMENTATION DESCRIPTIONWe aim at targeting various market segments that are best ideal for our products; first, the organization aims to targeting supermarket and learning institutions. The supermarkets and the learning institutions will offer huge markets for our products since we are creating awareness for the many supermarkets in Saudi Arabia to replace their tellers with the automatic machines .Learning institutions will also find our products very useful because they will help in the process of borrowing, renewal and return of library resources and any follow up on the schoolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ library materials can easily be made with these machines.Our organization will also target on restaurants and hang out joints that specialize in selling fast moving goods such as coffee, ice creams and candy. Saudi Arabica has a large proportion of its population comprised of the young generation and these kinds of items are commonly purchased by the young people. Some of the items are addictive in nature, for example candy and coffee. This leads to habitual buying habits.The above business premises will want to improve on their services by serving more customers at shorter periods of time , hence the self service machines will come in handy for them. As a result of these items being addictive in nature, the young people develop a habitual buying habit. The youth, especially those in the income earning brackets are also known for impulse buying since they do not have many responsibilities to attend to. Saudi Arabiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy is also very strong due to the returns they get from exporting oil, hence the citizens often go out to entertainment places that sell these fast moving items. Due to these facts we are highly targeting restaurant and recreational business owners.CUSTOMER DRIVEN MARKETING STRATEGYThe organization aims to position itself as an organization that provides reasonable prices for their products that are basically effective, efficient and have up to date operation systems that will surpass our customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ expectations .We hope that our customer value positioning will leverage our organization and make it gain a competitive advantage over other competitors. Hence, we aim to distinguish and draw a clear distinct of our organization against other organizations by developing value to our customers beyond just the provision of our prod ucts.We plan to offer after sale services to our clients and customers such as free transportation to the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s premises, free technical advice as well as free installation. Another part of our customer driven marketing strategy is introducing a reward system where customers earn points where ever they make purchases. These points will eventually accumulate and our customers can get our products at discounted prices using the redeemed points.We will also embrace customer feedback mechanisms to get back to what the customers really need. Customer feedback is very essential to any organization as the management is able to realize areas where their products need improvement. This will continually make sure that we make products that match the various needs and wants of the Saudi Arabia people. Due to the rapid changes in technology in Saudi Arabia, people have their needs constantly and frequently changing, hence it is important to keep up to pace with their dynamic needs in order to be able to survive in the markets (Bowen,2014).Lastly, among our customer driven marketing strategy is embracing the business referral concept. This is by encouraging our customers to make referrals of our organization to other customers by spreading the good word about our organization. We will encourage our customers to make more referrals by rewarding customers who bring in new clients to our business. Through this customer driven marketing strategies we hope to create customer loyalty and eventually realize repeated purchases from the customers.PRICING STRATEGYWe aim to use a couple of pricing strategies that we hope will be able to entice and bring us costumers to increase and expand on our clientele base. Saudi Arabia is a wealthy country, a factor that has been contributed to the fact that the country exports oil(Shoult,2006). This makes a conclusion that most of the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s citizens are high income earners. In regard to this case, discrimination pric ing strategy would relate well to the Saudi Arabian markets. This is a strategy where the same product is sold at different prices to different customers in different geographical localities .Hence we plan to fix slightly higher prices to products that will be sold to the well off areas as compared to other areas. We believe we have products with quality features that will encourage the implementation of slightly higher prices in these areas. This will help us in maximizing revenue returns and profit margins.Our organization will also introduce the penetration pricing strategy .This a strategy where we shall fix low prices to the products during the introductory stages but eventually raise the prices as time goes by. This will help the organization to penetrate into new and potential markets within very short periods of time and enable us to position our products against other competitors, making us gain a competitive edge. This strategy has been documented to be a very effective pr icing strategy.These pricing strategies, complemented and coupled by our high quality products will significantly help us in achieving and conquering huge market shares in Saudi Arabia.PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIESPromotional strategies fall as one of the most essential and crucial tactics that an organization can adopt to help in gaining competitive advantages over the competitors. This is because promotional strategies create awareness about a product to members of the public as well as putting a reminder about the existence of a product to the already existing customers. In regards to this, we have adopted vigorous promotional activities and strategies that will shall implement in order to be able to realize our marketing objectives.Our most important objective is to position our organization as the premier organization offering self service machines in Saudi Arabia., hence our first marketing strategy is a str...

The 5 Principles of Adult Learning Pioneered by Malcolm Knowles

Teaching adults often looks very different from teaching children. Adult educators can make assumptions of their adult students that they would not make of children because adults have had vastly different life experiences and come with their own unique sets of background knowledge. Andragogy, or the practice of teaching adults, studies the best methods and approaches for effective adult education. Malcolm Knowles Five Principles of Andragogy Those teaching adults should understand and practice the five principles of andragogy espoused by Malcolm Knowles, a pioneer in the study of adult learning. Knowles posited that adults learn best under the following circumstances: The learning is self-directed.The learning is experiential and utilizes background knowledge.The learning is relevant to current roles.The instruction is problem-centered.The students are motivated to learn. By incorporating these five principles of andragogy into instruction, adult educators and learners alike will experience greater success in the classroom. Self-Directed Learning One of the most important differences between teaching children and teaching adults is the self-concept of adult learners. While young students tend to be dependent on their teachers to guide their learning and provide opportunities for application, adult learners are the opposite. Adult learners are usually mature and self-confident enough to know how they learn best, what their areas of strength and weakness are, and how to go about learning. They dont require much help acquiring resources or developing goals for learning because, in most cases, they have done this before and already have reasons for being in school again. Adult educators need to grant their students plenty of space and be there to support rather than guide. Another benefit of self-directed learning is that students can design their studies around their preferred learning style—visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. Visual learners rely on pictures. They benefit from the use of graphs, diagrams, and illustrations. They learn best when they are shown what to do or what something looks like. Auditory learners listen carefully when they are learning and draw the majority of new knowledge through their ears. Things make the most sense to them when they are told how something should be. Tactile or kinesthetic learners need to physically do something to understand it. By performing something for themselves through a degree of trial and error, these learners will experience the most success. Using Experiences as a Resource Adult educators need to utilize each set of background knowledge in their classroom as a resource. No matter how old your adult learners are or what type of life they have led thus far, every one of your students will have acquired an extensive cache of experiences that you can draw on to make the most of what everyone brings to the table. Rather than behaving as if the classroom should be a level playing field and ignoring irregular stores of background knowledge, use them to enrich instruction. Your students could be coming from vastly different walks of life. Some will be experts in an area that your whole class could benefit from learning about or will have experienced something very unfamiliar to the rest of your students. The moments of authenticity and spontaneity that come from sharing with each other will prove to be some of the most powerful. Tap into the wealth of wisdom of your class as much as possible. Relevance of Material Adult students are most likely to want to learn about subjects that will have immediate pay-offs in their life, especially as it pertains to their social roles. As adults start to navigate marriage, parenthood, career positions, and other complex roles, they begin to orient themselves exclusively to them. Adults have little use for material that is not relevant to the roles they already occupy and this is another reason for allowing students to play a part in designing their own curriculum. For example, some of your learners will want to learn about career advancement, but some, perhaps retirees or stay-at-home parents, will not need this information. The job of adult educators is to get to know students well enough to be able to teach to their roles. Always keep in mind that your older students are there to accomplish something and probably have busy lives. The goal of adult education is to fit the needs of your students, who are more often than not opting to be there because they identified an area of need for themselves—ask and listen to them about what they want from this experience. Problem-Centered Instruction Adult learners do not desire to learn about material that doesnt fit into their lives and they do not usually want their learning to be abstract either. Adults are practiced, knowledgeable, and flexible learners that have a lot of problems to solve. Unlike young students, they do not usually need long to think about unfamiliar subjects before trying a skill out for themselves because they exercise their problem-solving skills every day and learn more each time. Adult educators need to tailor their instruction to specific problems that their students face rather than approaching their teaching one subject at a time. Andragogy is about spending more time doing than learning and the quality of instruction is much more important than topic coverage. Motivation to Learn â€Å"When the student is ready, the teacher appears† is a Buddhist proverb that applies well to all areas of education. No matter how hard a teacher tries, learning only begins once a student is ready. For most adults, returning to school after several years can be intimidating and a certain degree of apprehension should be expected in adult learners. Getting past the initial uneasiness of adult learners can be a challenge. However, many adult educators find that their students are eager to grow their knowledge. Adults that have chosen to go back to school are probably already motivated to learn or would not have made the choice to continue their education. The teachers role in these cases is simply to encourage this motivation and help your students maintain positivity toward learning so they can move past any discomfort they may feel about their situation. Listen carefully for teaching moments and take advantage of them. When a student says or does something that cues a new topic, be flexible and discuss it, even briefly, to show your students that their interests are important.

The Term Organizational Culture Essay - 2100 Words

Introduction A look at simply a couple of works that utilization the term organizational culture will uncover huge variety in the meaning of this term and much all the more in the utilization of the term society has no altered or extensively importance even in human sciences, however variety in its utilization is particularly discernible in the writing on hierarchical society. This is mostly identified with solid contrast in the reason and profundity of books and articles. Be that as it may, likewise the wide variety of logical teaches and exploration introduction included in organizational culture studies makes the field extremely heterogeneous. The idea of society appears to fit altogether different uses as aggregately imparted manifestations of, for instance, thoughts and insight, as images and meanings, as qualities and belief systems, as guidelines and standards, as feelings and expressiveness, as the aggregate unconscious, as conduct examples, structures and practices, and so forth, all of which may be made focuses of study. Obviously, culture is not special thusly. Really, most if not all noteworthy idea in association studies and sociology has a tendency to be joined by an assortment of diverse implications and definition. (Alvesson,2013,P.1) â€Å"Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one humanShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pages There is a tremendous amount of literature regarding Organizational Culture as it relates to corporate business. 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There is a specific link between the productive use of people achieving the organization’s strategic business objectives of which involve a certain time frame and the satisfaction of individualRead MoreOrganizational Culture And The Social Environment Of The Workplace1590 Words   |  7 PagesFoundation Organizational culture was discovered to be an important factor in the social environment of the workplace. The attitudes and beliefs of employees and management are what have shaped the culture of an organization. The culture of an organization has been particularly important in the healthcare setting because it has shaped the type of healthcare that the patients receive within the healthcare organization (Sovie, 1993). The construct organizational culture was developed after the term organizational

Three Keys to a Happy Life free essay sample

Three Keys to a happy life Everyone wants to live a happy life. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Keys to a Happy Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But where does happiness come from? Buddha said  Life is a creation of the mind. Shakespeare put it this way when he said  There is nothing good or bad, but thinking makes it so. Therefore, the first key or the most important key to a happy life I would say is Positive Thinking. Maybe all of us have heard of this famous question: is the glass half-full or half-empty? An optimist observes what is in the glass – the full half, because he focuses on what he has. On the other hand, a pessimist observes what is not in the glass – the half empty because he focuses on what he doesn’t have. When we always think of what we don’t have and what we are losing, we never feel happy. Furthermore, negative thinking can take a lot of time and too much emotional energy, which absolutely does not lead to a happy life. In addition, positive thinking makes us have a feeling of excitement about something pleasant or exciting that we know is going to happen. Such a feeling is anticipation.No matter what our circumstances are, if we have something to look forward to, we bring happiness into our life well before the event actually takes place. In fact, sometimes the happiness of anticipation is greater than the happiness of the actual experience itself. With this in mind, we may say if the future holds no pleasant promise its very hard to be happy. However, sometimes unrealistic anticipation may get us lost. So we need to simplify in order to stay positive. This is my second key to a happy life – simplification. Every day we often rush through things, trying to get them done, trying to finish as much as we can.We pass quickly through one destination and then move into the next. At the end of each day, we’re probably too exhausted and too stressed out to even notice the simple things that can make us happy. For example, maybe some of us have such experience. When we travel to the other cites or countries with tour group, we are always fully scheduled. Each day we have to see a lot of places and we are only allowed to stay at each place for 30 minutes or at most one hour just for taking some pictures. We have to hurry from one spot to the next.At the end of the tour, we only feel tired and remember which places we have looked around but have no idea how beautiful they are. However, if we put away the tour group and cut the schedule in half, stay longer at each place, enjoy every moment at ease. That would be another story. So, when we simplify our life, we have time for what’s important to us, for what we really want to be doing, for spending time with loved ones, for doing things we’re passionate about. That’s a happy life. Finally, people can’t live alone and isolated. We must have our social life. Social life includes friends and family.Ancient philosophers and modern scientists agree that strong relationships with other people are critical to a happy life. We need close, long-lasting relationships; we need a place to belong to; we need to give and receive support perhaps surprisingly, giving support is just as important to happiness as getting support. These 3 keys of happiness are beliefs that I hold and they have worked for me in the past and they work for me now. I sincerely hope these 3 simple and easy to apply keys can also work for all of you. My wish is for all of us to have a happy life and enjoy it!

Mcdonaldization Of Society Essays - Fast Food,

Mcdonaldization Of Society The way that Burger King and other fast food restaurant chains do business and markets their products to consumers is due to the change in our society to where the consumer wants the biggest, fastest, and best product they can get for their money. This change in society can be attributed to a process known as McDonaldization. Although McDonaldization can be applied to many other parts of our society, this paper will focus on its impact on Burger King and Taco Bell restaurants. My belief is that the process of McDonaldization has lead our generations toward a more a much more efficient lifestyle, with much less quality. From my observations and studies of these fast food resturants, several themes have become apparent to me. The first and overall theme that emerges from the idea of fast food is that the employees of these establishments seem to work more as machines, rather than people offering a service to the public. A second theme that can be identified from my observations would b e that the people visiting these fast food restaurants are more or less searching for the most efficient way to get what they want, giving little or no regard to the quality put into it. According to Ritzer, the founder of the concept of McDonaldization, it is the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. Upon walking into Burger King restaurant, I found that most of the people waiting in line to place their orders or receive their order were younger or middle-aged, and had children or were students. All of these people shared a common attitude of being hungry and impatient. The people gave little to no regard to how hard the employees behind the counter were working or struggling to work faster. Many patrons were short tempered, rude, or incredibly ill-tempered when placing their orders yet the employees still smiled at the next person in line, repeating the same phrases over and over, Can I help the next person in line please, or, Would you like a drink or fries with that? These repetitive phrases and actions of the employees of both Burger King and Taco Bell were small examples of the machine-like theme identified in the work setting of fast-food restaurants. Employees were taught to disregard disgruntled patrons and move through the line as fast as possible so that each patron would be served in a timely and satisfying fashion. Just as a machine would pull items in at the beginning of the assembly line and throw them out at the other end of the line, so did the employees treat the patrons of their establishment. This is achieved by calling them to the counter and filling their order then sending them on their way with a kind, almost sarcastic, Thank you, have a nice day! Upon visiting Taco Bell, another fast-food restaurant, I found the same scenarios as Burger King, and in some instances, more obvious examples of machine-like employees. The areas that were designated for the filling and preparation the orders were clearly out of the public view, so that patrons would not be able to see the assembly line on which their lunches were being prepared. The food is prepared and heated in stainless steel containers, sour cream, guacamole, and hot sauce are all squirted out of hand held stainless steel, sauce guns, and the tortillas are kept in a, steaming box, for several hours until they are all used to make burritos and tacos. These are just the examples of how the food is prepared, the ay in which the employees work is much more detailed. The employees stand along a counter and fill the orders in an assembly line fashion. One worker pulls the tortillas out of the steamer and shoots sauce onto it then slides it down to the next worker who may add the chee se or meat. This worker will then slide it down to the next worker who might be responsible for adding the lettuce or tomatoes. Finally the burrito is slid down to the next

Vietnam War The Easter Offensive

Vietnam War The Easter Offensive The Easter Offensive occurred between March 30 and Oct. 22, 1972, and was a later campaign of the Vietnam War. Armies Commanders South Vietnam United States: Hoang Xuan LamNgo DzuNguyen Van Minh742,000 men North Vietnam: Van Tien DungTran Van TraHoang Minh Thao120,000 men Easter Offensive Background In 1971, following the failure of the South Vietnamese in Operation Lam Son 719, the North Vietnamese government began assessing the possibility of launching a conventional offensive in spring 1972. After extensive political infighting among senior government leaders, it was decided to move forward as a victory could influence the 1972 US presidential election as well improve the Norths bargaining position at the peace talks in Paris. Also, North Vietnamese commanders believed that the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) was overstretched and could be easily broken. Planning soon moved forward under the guidance of First Party Secretary Le Duan who was assisted by Vo Nguyen Giap. The main thrust was to come through the Demilitarized Zone with the goal of shattering ARVN forces in the area and drawing additional Southern forces north. With this accomplished, two secondary attacks would be launched against the Central Highlands (from Laos) and Saigon (from Cambodia). Dubbed the Nguyen Hue Offensive, the attack was intended to destroy elements of the ARVN, prove that Vietnamization was a failure, and possibly force the replacement of South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu. Fighting for Quang Tri The US and South Vietnam were aware that an offensive was in the offing, however, analysts disagreed as to when and where it would strike. Moving forward on March 30, 1972, Peoples Army of North Vietnam (PAVN) forces stormed across the DMZ supported by 200 tanks. Striking the ARVN I Corps, they sought to break through the ring of ARVN firebases located just below the DMZ. An additional division and armored regiment attacked east from Laos in support of the assault. On April 1, after heavy fighting, Brigadier General Vu Van Giai, whose ARVN 3rd Division had born the brunt of the fighting, ordered a retreat. That same day, the PAVN 324B Division moved east out of the Shau Valley and attacked towards the firebases protecting Hue. Capturing the DMZ firebases, PAVN troops were delayed by ARVN counterattacks for three weeks as they pressed towards the city of Quang Tri. Coming into force on April 27, PAVN formations succeeded in capturing Dong Ha and reaching the outskirts of Quang Tri. Beginning a withdrawal from the city, Giais units collapsed after receiving confusing orders from I Corps commander Lieutenant General Hoang Xuan Lam. Ordering a general retreat to the My Chanh River, ARVN columns were hit hard as they fell back. To the south near Hue, Fire Support Bases Bastogne and Checkmate fell after prolonged fighting. PAVN troops captured Quang Tri on May 2, while President Thieu replaced Lam with Lieutenant General Ngo Quang Truong on the same day. Tasked with protecting Hue and re-establish the ARVN lines, Truong immediately set to work. While the initial fighting in the north proved disastrous for South Vietnam, staunch defending in some places and massive US air support, including B-52 raids, had inflicted heavy losses on the PAVN. Battle of An Loc On April 5, while fighting raged to the north, PAVN troops advanced south out of Cambodia into Binh Long Province. Targeting Loc Ninh, Quan Loi, and An Loc, the advance engaged troops from the ARVN III Corps. Assaulting Loc Ninh, they were repelled by Rangers and the ARVN 9th Regiment for two days before breaking through. Believing An Loc to be next target, the corps commander, Lieutenant General Nguyen Van Minh, dispatched the ARVN 5th Division to the town. By April 13, the garrison at An Loc was surrounded and under constant fire from PAVN troops. Repeatedly assaulting the towns defenses, PAVN troops ultimately reduced the ARVN perimeter to about a square kilometer. Working feverishly, American advisors coordinated massive air support to aid the beleaguered garrison. Launching major frontal attacks on May 11 and 14, PAVN forces were unable to take the town. The initiative lost, ARVN forces were able to push them out of An Loc by June 12 and six days later III Corps declared the siege to be over. As in the north, American air support had been vital to ARVN defense. Battle of Kontum On April 5, Viet Cong forces attacked firebases and Highway 1 in coastal Binh Dinh Province. These operations were designed to pull ARVN forces east away from a thrust against Kontum and Pleiku in the Central Highlands. Initially panicked, II Corps commander Lieutenant General Ngo Dzu was calmed by John Paul Vann who led the US Second Regional Assistance Group. Crossing the border Lieutenant General Hoang Minh Thaos PAVN troops won quick victories in the vicinity of Ben Het and Dak To. With the ARVN defense northwest of Kontum in a shambles, PAVN troops inexplicably halted for three weeks. With Dzu faltering, Vann effectively took command and organized the defense of Kontum with support from large-scale B-52 raids. On May 14, the PAVN advance resumed and reached the outskirts of the town. Though the ARVN defenders wavered, Vann directed B-52s against the attackers inflicting heavy losses and blunting the assault. Orchestrating Dzus replacement with Major General Nguyen Van Toan, Vann was able to hold Kontum through the liberal application of American airpower and ARVN counterattacks. By early June, PAVN forces began withdrawing west. Easter Offensive Aftermath With PAVN forces halted on all fronts, ARVN troops began a counterattack around Hue. This was supported by Operations Freedom Train (beginning in April) and Linebacker (beginning in May) which saw American aircraft striking at a variety of targets in North Vietnam. Led by Truong, ARVN forces recaptured the lost firebases and defeated the final PAVN attacks against the city. On June 28, Truong launched Operation Lam Son 72 which saw his forces reach Quang Tri in ten days. Wishing to bypass and isolate the city, he was overruled by Thieu who demanded its recapture. After heavy fighting, it fell on July 14. Exhausted after their efforts, both sides halted following the citys fall. The Easter Offensive cost the North Vietnamese around 40,000 killed and 60,000 wounded/missing. ARVN and American losses are estimated at 10,000 killed, 33,000 wounded, and 3,500 missing. Though the offensive was defeated, PAVN forces continued to occupy around ten percent of South Vietnam after its conclusion. As a result of the offensive, both sides softened their stance in Paris and were more willing to make concessions during negotiations.

Voluntarily Assuming Liability under the Law of Contract Case Study

Voluntarily Assuming Liability under the Law of Contract - Case Study Example The classic test for the imposition of a duty of care was articulated in Caparo Industries v Dickman. Accordingly, a duty of care will exist only where there is foreseeability, proximity and if the imposition of a duty of care is fair and reasonable in the circumstances.   Norris argues that in applying the test articulated in Caparo, it is necessary to determine whether or not a duty of care was assumed by the defendant and whether or not it was reasonable for the plaintiff to rely on the defendant’s assumption. It is important to note, however, that the assumption of responsibility and reliance on the duty are not conclusive evidence of the existence of a duty of care, but maybe â€Å"one of the ways in which the necessary degree of proximity may arise.† On the facts of the case for discussion, Alan asked John to take his keys from him if he drank too much that night at John’s house. The two proceed to drink two bottles of wine followed by brandy coffee.   It was stated how the wines were proportioned out between them and whether or not Alan drank too much throughout the evening.   Regardless, Alan indicated that he felt able to drive and nothing was made of it.   In any event, it does not appear that the consumption of alcohol had anything to do with the accident.   The fallen tree was the cause of the accident and the main question is whether or not, John’s call to Allan caused him to collide with the fallen tree and whether or not John assumed responsibility for preventing personal injury to John when he placed that telephone call.